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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two components, both the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the structure itself, which can be constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly separated into three main classes: subterranean (completely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but always connected to the ground via shelter tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are made from earth and mud.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of now nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.

To construct their nests, termites primarily use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and timber ), and soil, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are observable, as many nests in tropical woods are located underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest builders, since they only reside inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds shield the termites' tender bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made from carton are especially weak, and so the inhabitants utilize counter-attack strategies against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial decay in the gut of their termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building substance. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build intricate nests called polycalic nests; this habitat is known as polycalism. Polycalic species of termites sort multiple nests, or calies, connected by subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to have polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests seem to be less frequent in mound-building species although polycalic arboreal nests have been observed in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds should they protrude from the earth's surface. A mound provides termites exactly the same protection for a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds located in areas having torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion due to their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can provide protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.

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By way of instance, Cubitermes colonies construct narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, as the width of the tunnels is small enough for troops to obstruct.192 A highly secure chamber, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and is employed as a final line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably construct the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 ft ), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can construct nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 feet) high and 2.5 metres (8 feet) wide.

The sculptured mounds occasionally have elaborate and distinctive forms, like the ones of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented approximately northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase quickly during the morning while avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shelter tubes, also known as earthen tubes or mud tubes, that begin from the ground. These shield tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a time of higher humidity, these tubes offer protection to termites from potential predators, especially ants.198 Shelter tubes also provide high humidity and darkness and allow employees to accumulate food resources that cannot be obtained in any other way.197 These passageways are made from dirt and faeces and are normally brown in colour.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in diameter, but might extend dozens of metres in length.198.

Owing to their own wood-eating customs, many termite species can do significant damage to unprotected buildings and other wooden constructions.199 Termites play an important function as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans occurs where structures and landscapes containing structural timber components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with have a peek here a trusted source of food and moisture.200;Their habit of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are seriously damaged, leaving a thin layer of a wall which protects them from your environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause damage; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species possess an economic impact; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.